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Machu Picchu :: Temple of the Sun :: The Temple of the Sun is a masterfully designed, observatory riddle. What lies inside is an unusually carved rock known as the Sacred Stone. A specific cutaway on the stone reveals that when light strikes on the Winter Equinox, the ledge bisects the passing light through the eastern window. What we don't know is why. Like most of the sacred site, archaeologists guess the purposes and practices of the ancient Incans.